Program to illustrate the implementation of 3D Rotation Transformation along z-axis

 # include <iostream.h>
 # include <graphics.h>
 # include    <conio.h>
 # include     <math.h>

 # define  f                 0.3
 # define  projection_angle   45


 void show_screen( );

 void apply_rotation_along_z_axis(const int [5][3],const int);
 void multiply_matrices(const float[4],const float[4][4],float[4]);

 void draw_pyramid(int [5][3]);
 void get_projected_point(int&,int&,int&);

 void Line(const int,const int,const int,const int);


 int main( )
    {
       int driver=VGA;
       int mode=VGAHI;

       initgraph(&driver,&mode,\"..\\\\Bgi\");

       show_screen( );

       int pyramid[5][3]={
                {20,120,50},      //  base front left
                {80,120,50},      //  base front right
                {80,120,-50},     //  base back right
                {20,120,-50},     //  base back left
                {50,20,0}        //  top
             };

      setcolor(15);
     draw_pyramid(pyramid);

       setcolor(15);
       settextstyle(0,0,1);
     outtextxy(50,415,\"*** Use + & - Keys to apply Rotation along z-axis.\");

       int angle=0;
       int key_code=0;

       char Key=NULL;

       do
      {
         Key=NULL;
         key_code=0;

         Key=getch( );
         key_code=int(Key);

         if(key_code==0)
        {
           Key=getch( );
           key_code=int(Key);
        }

         if(key_code==27)
        break;

         else if(key_code==43)
        angle-=5;

         else if(key_code==45)
        angle+=5;

         setfillstyle(1,0);
           bar(40,70,600,410);

         apply_rotation_along_z_axis(pyramid,angle);
      }
       while(1);

       return 0;
    }



 //-------------------  apply_rotation_along_z_axis( )  ------------------//


 void apply_rotation_along_z_axis(const int control_points[5][3],
                                const int theta)
    {
       int edge_points[5][3]={0};

       float angle=(theta*(M_PI/180));

       for(int count=0;count<5;count++)
      {
         edge_points[count][0]=control_points[count][0];
         edge_points[count][1]=control_points[count][1];
         edge_points[count][2]=control_points[count][2];

         float matrix_a[4]={edge_points[count][0],edge_points[count][1],
                            edge_points[count][2],1};
         float matrix_b[4][4]={
                    { cos(angle),sin(angle),0,0 } ,
                    { -sin(angle),cos(angle),0,0 } ,
                    { 0,0,1,0 } ,
                    { 0,0,0,1 }
                  };
         float matrix_c[4]={0};

         multiply_matrices(matrix_a,matrix_b,matrix_c);

         edge_points[count][0]=(int)(matrix_c[0]+0.5);
         edge_points[count][1]=(int)(matrix_c[1]+0.5);
         edge_points[count][2]=(int)(matrix_c[2]+0.5);
      }

       setcolor(10);
     draw_pyramid(edge_points);
    }

 /************************************************************************/
 //----------------------  multiply_matrices( )  ------------------------//
 /************************************************************************/

 void multiply_matrices(const float matrix_1[4],
                  const float matrix_2[4][4],float matrix_3[4])
    {
       for(int count_1=0;count_1<4;count_1++)
      {
         for(int count_2=0;count_2<4;count_2++)
        matrix_3[count_1]+=
               (matrix_1[count_2]*matrix_2[count_2][count_1]);
      }
    }

 /************************************************************************/
 //--------------------------  draw_pyramid( )  -------------------------//
 /************************************************************************/

 void draw_pyramid(int points[5][3])
    {
       int edge_points[5][3];

       for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
      {
         edge_points[i][0]=points[i][0];
         edge_points[i][1]=points[i][1];
         edge_points[i][2]=points[i][2];

         get_projected_point(edge_points[i][0],
                    edge_points[i][1],edge_points[i][2]);

         edge_points[i][0]+=320;
         edge_points[i][1]+=240;
      }

       Line(edge_points[0][0],edge_points[0][1],
                      edge_points[1][0],edge_points[1][1]);
       Line(edge_points[1][0],edge_points[1][1],
                      edge_points[2][0],edge_points[2][1]);
       Line(edge_points[2][0],edge_points[2][1],
                      edge_points[3][0],edge_points[3][1]);
       Line(edge_points[3][0],edge_points[3][1],
                      edge_points[0][0],edge_points[0][1]);

       Line(edge_points[0][0],edge_points[0][1],
                      edge_points[4][0],edge_points[4][1]);
       Line(edge_points[1][0],edge_points[1][1],
                      edge_points[4][0],edge_points[4][1]);
       Line(edge_points[2][0],edge_points[2][1],
                      edge_points[4][0],edge_points[4][1]);
       Line(edge_points[3][0],edge_points[3][1],
                      edge_points[4][0],edge_points[4][1]);
    }

 /************************************************************************/
 //---------------------  get_projected_point( )  -----------------------//
 /************************************************************************/

 void get_projected_point(int& x,int& y,int& z)
    {
       float fcos0=(f*cos(projection_angle*(M_PI/180)));
       float fsin0=(f*sin(projection_angle*(M_PI/180)));

       float Par_v[4][4]={
                {1,0,0,0},
                {0,1,0,0},
                {fcos0,fsin0,0,0},
                {0,0,0,1}
             };

       float xy[4]={x,y,z,1};
       float new_xy[4]={0};

       multiply_matrices(xy,Par_v,new_xy);

       x=(int)(new_xy[0]+0.5);
       y=(int)(new_xy[1]+0.5);
       z=(int)(new_xy[2]+0.5);
    }


 //-------------------------------  Line( )  -----------------------------//


 void Line(const int x_1,const int y_1,const int x_2,const int y_2)
    {
       int color=getcolor( );

       int x1=x_1;
       int y1=y_1;

       int x2=x_2;
       int y2=y_2;

       if(x_1>x_2)
      {
         x1=x_2;
         y1=y_2;

         x2=x_1;
         y2=y_1;
      }

       int dx=abs(x2-x1);
       int dy=abs(y2-y1);
       int inc_dec=((y2>=y1)?1:-1);

       if(dx>dy)
      {
         int two_dy=(2*dy);
         int two_dy_dx=(2*(dy-dx));
         int p=((2*dy)-dx);

         int x=x1;
         int y=y1;

         putpixel(x,y,color);

         while(x<x2)
        {
           x++;

           if(p<0)
              p+=two_dy;

           else
              {
             y+=inc_dec;
             p+=two_dy_dx;
              }

           putpixel(x,y,color);
        }
      }

       else
      {
         int two_dx=(2*dx);
         int two_dx_dy=(2*(dx-dy));
         int p=((2*dx)-dy);

         int x=x1;
         int y=y1;

         putpixel(x,y,color);

         while(y!=y2)
        {
           y+=inc_dec;

           if(p<0)
              p+=two_dx;

           else
              {
             x++;
             p+=two_dx_dy;
              }

           putpixel(x,y,color);
        }
      }
    }


 //--------------------------  show_screen( )  ---------------------------//


 void show_screen( )
    {
       setfillstyle(1,1);
     bar(210,26,420,38);

       settextstyle(0,0,1);
     setcolor(15);
       outtextxy(5,5,\"******************************************************************************\");
       outtextxy(5,17,\"*-**************************************************************************-*\");
       outtextxy(5,29,\"*-----------------------                             ------------------------*\");
       outtextxy(5,41,\"*-**************************************************************************-*\");
       outtextxy(5,53,\"*-**************************************************************************-*\");

     setcolor(11);
       outtextxy(218,29,\"3D Rotation along Z-axis\");

     setcolor(15);

       for(int count=0;count<=30;count++)
          outtextxy(5,(65+(count*12)),\"*-*                                                                        *-*\");

       outtextxy(5,438,\"*-**************************************************************************-*\");
       outtextxy(5,450,\"*-------------------------                          -------------------------*\");
       outtextxy(5,462,\"******************************************************************************\");

     setcolor(12);
       outtextxy(229,450,\"Press any Key to exit.\");
    }